Ithanga

Ukuphrinta kungenye yezinto ezine ezinhle kakhulu zabantu basendulo abasebenza amaShayina. Ukuphrinta kweWoodblock kwasungulwa ku-Tang Dynasty futhi kwasetshenziswa kabanzi emakhosini aphakathi nendawo afike sekwephuzile. U-Bi Sheng wasungula ukuphrinta kohlobo olushukumisayo ngesikhathi sokubusa kwengoma uRezong, umaka ukuzalwa kohlobo lokushukumisayo. Ubengumsunguli wokuqala emhlabeni, umaka ukuzalwa kohlobo olushukumisayo ukuphrinta cishe eminyakeni engama-400 ngaphambi kokuba iJalimane uJohannes GEnnberg.

Ukuphrinta kungukuqala kwempucuko yabantu yesimanje, ukudala izimo zokusatshalaliswa okugcwele kanye nokushintshana ngolwazi. Ukuphrinta sekusakazekele eKorea, eJapan, e-Asia Ephakathi, eWest Asia naseYurophu.

Ngaphambi kokusungulwa kokuphrinta, abantu abaningi babengafundile. Ngenxa yokuthi izincwadi zakudala zazibiza kakhulu, kwenziwa iBhayibheli lisuka emabulkini ayi-1 000. Ngaphandle kwe-tome of the Bible, imininingwane ekopishwe encwadini ingathí sina, yenkolo kakhulu, ngokuzijabulisa okuncane noma imininingwane yansuku zonke esebenzayo.

Ngaphambi kokusungulwa kokuphrinta, ukusakazeka kwesiko ikakhulukazi kuncike ezincwadini ezibhalwe ngesandla. Ukukopisha okwenziwa ngesandla kudla isikhathi nesikhathi esisebenza kanzima, futhi kulula ukukopisha amaphutha nokukhishwa, okungavimbi nje ukuthuthukiswa kwesiko, kepha futhi kuletha ukulahleka okungafanele ekusakazweni kwesiko. Ukuphrinta kubonakala ngokulula, ukuguquguquka, ukusindisa isikhathi nokulondolozwa kwabasebenzi. Kuyindlela enkulu yokuphrinta yasendulo.

Ukuphrinta kwamaShayina. Kuyingxenye ebalulekile yesiko lamaShayina; Kuvela ngokuthuthukiswa kwesiko lamaShayina. Uma siqala emthonjeni waso, selidlule ezikhathini ezine zomlando, okungukuthi uMthombo, izikhathi zasendulo, izikhathi zanamuhla nezikhathi zesimanje, futhi unenqubo yentuthuko yeminyaka engaphezu kuka-5,000. Ezinsukwini zokuqala, ukuze urekhode imicimbi futhi usakaze isipiliyoni nolwazi, abantu baseChina badale izimpawu ezibhaliwe ekuqaleni futhi bafuna indlela yokuqopha lezi zinhlamvu. Ngenxa yokulinganiselwa kwezindlela zokukhiqiza ngaleso sikhathi, abantu bachitha kuphela izinto zemvelo ukuqopha izimpawu ezibhaliwe. Isibonelo, eqopha futhi ubhale amagama ezinto ezibonakalayo ezinjengezindonga zamatshe, amaqabunga, amathambo ezilwane, amatshe, namagxolo.

Ukuphrinta kanye nokuphambana kwazuzisa isintu.